When you hear the word ‘intelligence’, the idea of having good grades may immediately come to your mind. But the real question is, what is intelligence? According to the Oxford dictionary, intelligence is defined as the ability to acquire knowledge and skills. In recent years, however, other views of intelligence have emerged. One such conception is the theory of multiple intelligences, suggested by psychologist Howard Gardener.
The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardener, professor of Education at Harvard university. This theory segregates human intelligence into specific groups rather than seeing intelligence by a single general ability. Gardner’s theory suggests that there are actually 8 different types of intelligence, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as “existential intelligence“.
Now you may be asking, what is ‘multiple intelligences’? It is a theory describing the different ways students learn and gain information. This theory suggests that traditional psychological views of intelligence are too limited. Howard Gardener first mentioned his theory in his book “Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences” published in 1983.
Ever since I have read about this theory, I have noticed a slight change in my academic behaviour. I started recognising the things I was good at and the areas I need to work on. Gardner wanted to capture the full range of abilities and talents that people possess. He later on theorized that people do not have just an intellectual capacity but have many kinds of intelligence- which I will later on mention.
Gardner’s theory has gained much criticism from educators and psychologists. These people argue that his definition of intelligence is too wide-ranging and that they only represent abilities, talents and personality traits. Despite that, this theory is very popular amongst educators. Many teachers try to use the theory of multiple intelligences in their classroom, in order to help their students academically and boost their self-confidence.
Learning more about the multiple intelligences can help you better understand your own strengths and abilities.
The 8 types of intelligence :-
- Visual-spatial intelligence : People who are strong in this type of intelligence are often good at visualizing the world accurately. These people may also be good with directions, charts, pictures, maps, and videos.These people tend to remember details and images and are very aware of their surroundings.
People with visual intelligence are known to (be):
- Good at putting puzzles together
- Like to read and write
- Recognise patterns easily
- Like to draw or paint
- Able to read maps and charts easily
- Remember information by creating visual pictures
Some careers these people might be good at :
- Artist
- Engineer
- Architect
- Designers
- Linguistic intelligence : People who are strong in this intelligence are able to use words well, both when writing or speaking. These people are very good at story writing, reading and memorising information. They may also have an interest in learning a foreign language.
People with Linguistic intelligence are known to (be):
- Good at remembering spoken and written information
- Good at debating and giving persuasive speeches
- Like to read and write
- Explain things very well
- Enjoy learning foreign languages
Some careers these people might be good at:
- Lawyer
- Journalist or writer
- Speech pathologist
- Translator
- Teacher
3.Logical/mathematical intelligence: These people are good at recognising patterns, reasoning and logically solving problems. They process information through logic and reason, and only trust true facts and numerical data. They are accurate and precise in their learning and work. Their mind is complex and works like a computer. If you tend to do well in Maths or Physics at school, then that might be a strong sign of mathematical intelligence.
People with logical/mathematical intelligence are known to be:
- Excellent problem solvers
- Like to conduct scientific experiments
- Good at solving complex mathematical equations
Some careers these people might be good at:
- engineer
- computer programmer
- scientist
- accountant
- mathematician/math teacher
4.Kinesthetic intelligence : These people have good physical control and body movement. People in this area have good dexterity, hand-eye coordination skills, balance, speed, and strength .This particular intelligence involves physical movement to gain information.
People with kinesthetic intelligence are known to be:
- Good at sports and dancing
- Tends to remember by doing, rather than seeing or hearing
- Enjoy creating things with his/her hands
Some careers these people might be good at:
- athlete
- surgeon
- gymnasts
- sculptors
- carpenter
- actor
5.Musical intelligence:These people are able to use rhythm and pattern to help them with their learning. They have a strong passion for music and are good at musical composition and performance.
*Some researchers, however, argue that musical intelligence should be viewed as a talent rather than a form of intelligence.
People with musical intelligence are known to (be):
- Good at memorizing songs and melodies
- Recognize musical patterns and tones easily
- Like to sing and play musical instruments
- Good understanding of musical notes, rhythm and musical structure
Some careers these people might be good at:
- musician
- singer
- composer
- music teacher
- Composer
6.Interpersonal intelligence:These people are good at understanding and interacting with others. They are good at analysing emotions, desires and intentions of the people around them. They often tend to be introverted and like to spend time alone.
People with interpersonal intelligence are known to be:
- Good at nonverbal communication
- Creates good relationships with others
- Knows how to solve fights in groups
Careers these people might be good at:
- Psychologist
- Politician
- Therapist
- Psychiatrist
- Researcher
7.Intrapersonal intelligence:These people are very aware of their own emotions, feelings and goals .They often are interested in psychology, philosophy or theology. They are usually introverted and learn best through serious thought. Most of the time, they are able to predict the reaction of themselves and others.
People with Intrapersonal intelligence are known to be:
- Self-aware
- Work better alone
- Like to learn about themself
- Enjoy journaling
- Very independent
Careers these people might be good at:
- Librarian
- Psychologist
- Historian
- Scientist
8.Naturalist intelligence:This is the newest addition to this theory. These people are usually interested in exploring the environment and learning about other species such as animals and plants. They also tend to notice even the smallest changes in the environment.
People with naturalist intelligence are known to be:
- Interested in subjects like botany, zoology and biology
- Might enjoy camping, exploring outdoors, hiking and gardening
- Comfortable with animals
Careers these people might be good at:
- Biologist/marine biologist
- Veterinarian
- Horticulturist
So, what type(s) of intelligence do you think you have?
